Codes and Conventions of Factual Programming.
Factual Programming is a non-fiction genre. It show real people and real events. They do this by using facts and figures. What these programs should do is be completely factual and not lie to the audience. The purpose of a factual program is to present facts to the audience, and then they will either agree or disagree with what they have seen or heard and leave the audience with their own opinion on the subject of the film.
Expository: These speak directly to the viewer. They often use voice over or titles, proposing a strong point of view or an argument. These films would be rhetorical and try to persuade the viewer. The commentary would often sound objective. The commentator would talk over the pictures or videos and explaining the story. They are often biographical, historical or talk about a certain event. These types of documentary presses upon us to read the images shown in a certain way. For example historical documentaries deliver an objective and unbiased account and interpretation of past events.
Observational documentary: These documentaries attempt to simply film normal life as it happens with as little intervention as possible. These films aimed for intimacy, immediacy and revelation of individual human character in ordinary life situation. As well as filming human behaviour, another popular type of observational documentary is the nature program. The camera's would be positioned so they could watch nature as it happens. The footage would then be shown as it was or sped up to show something happening. They have to position these camera's so it won't disturb the environment or the animals but in a way that it can film whats happening. Voice over commentary, post synchronised dialogue and music, or re-enactments are often used. A good example of an observational documentary would be Industrial Britain from 1933. This shows the lives of the working men during this time in Britain. Industrial Britain Video.
Participatory documentaries believe that it is impossible for the act of film making to not influence or alter the events being filmed. Not only is the filmmaker now part of what is being recorded, we also get a sense of how the events of the film are affected or altered by their presence. The encounters between the filmmaker and everyone else becomes a crucial part of the film. . It's described as cinéma vérite, which means the "truth". This refers to the truth of the encounter. An example of a participatory documentary would be Super Size Me.
Factual programming uses many different codes and conventions. For example:
Interviews: This is used shows the viewer the opinions of others about the subject of the film. This can also provide more information about the subject to the viewer.
Music: Using the correct music for the scene can enhance it for the viewer by creating a certain mood and atmosphere.
Voice over/Presenter: This is used to tell the viewer information and to help present the point of the film across to the audience. It's also used to speak directly to the audience.
Archive images and video: To add more information and detail of the subject to the viewer.
Use of experts: This will help give more information and the viewer may believe what they see and hear more if its coming from an expert.
Presentation of facts: To provide more information to the viewer, helping them to understand the subject and what is happening.
Handheld camera: This is used when something is happening in the moment. This provides some suspense because the audience doesn't know whats going to happen next or whats going to be said next.
Editing and montages: Shows the viewer information and events in the film. The way that it's edited could show the film in different ways. It helps to create a certain tone of the film.
Narrative techniques: Helps the film move along and get across the message or story its trying to tell.
Lighting: Creates a certain mood and atmosphere of the scene.
Camera Techniques: For example Pans, Close ups, Racking Focus, Long Shots, Medium Shots, Extreme Close up, Tilt, Extreme Long shot. These are used to make the documentary look better and more interesting. It will also help keep the attention of the audience.
Without these codes and conventions, documentaries could be very dull and boring.
In our documentary we will be using the following codes and conventions.
Interviews: We have many interviews in our film. They show the emotional side of collisions and what it does to the families involved, the technical side of collisions. we have interviews will firemen and policemen who are there at the scene of the incident and they talk about what they have to do. Everyone with have interviewed, including a driving instructor and vox pops, has talked about road safety and what can be done to prevent crashes. these interviews will provide the audience with information and an insight into what happens to the families of these victims. Hopefully they will get emotionally invested in the real life stories.
Narration: We have a narrator who will speak directly to the audience and give all of the information needed so they know whats happening and for the film to flow.
Music: We have music from friends of a member of the group. The music is in the tone of the film. Emotional and serious.
Archive materials: We have been given by the police, from the people of Head On and the county press, certain pieces of archive material. For example photographs, news articles, and a 999 call. This will provide more information into what happened.
Camera Shots: We have used many different types of camera shots and movements. For example pans, long shots, medium shots, close ups, racking focus, tilts, time lapse. This keeps the film looking interesting and makes sure the audience are not bored, keeps them interested in whats happening.
Our documentary, Island Collision, is an example of an expository documentary. As it is an objective and unbiased view on the collision on the island and what can be done to prevent them. We also have an objective and unbiased narrator who speaks directly to the audience. We will present the audience with all the facts, opinions and stories that we have collected, and they will decide on their own opinion at the end of it. We also have a message that we hope to get across to the audience.
The three main types of documentaries are:
Expository: These speak directly to the viewer. They often use voice over or titles, proposing a strong point of view or an argument. These films would be rhetorical and try to persuade the viewer. The commentary would often sound objective. The commentator would talk over the pictures or videos and explaining the story. They are often biographical, historical or talk about a certain event. These types of documentary presses upon us to read the images shown in a certain way. For example historical documentaries deliver an objective and unbiased account and interpretation of past events.
Factual programming uses many different codes and conventions. For example:
Interviews: This is used shows the viewer the opinions of others about the subject of the film. This can also provide more information about the subject to the viewer.
Music: Using the correct music for the scene can enhance it for the viewer by creating a certain mood and atmosphere.
Voice over/Presenter: This is used to tell the viewer information and to help present the point of the film across to the audience. It's also used to speak directly to the audience.
Archive images and video: To add more information and detail of the subject to the viewer.
Use of experts: This will help give more information and the viewer may believe what they see and hear more if its coming from an expert.
Presentation of facts: To provide more information to the viewer, helping them to understand the subject and what is happening.
Handheld camera: This is used when something is happening in the moment. This provides some suspense because the audience doesn't know whats going to happen next or whats going to be said next.
Editing and montages: Shows the viewer information and events in the film. The way that it's edited could show the film in different ways. It helps to create a certain tone of the film.
Narrative techniques: Helps the film move along and get across the message or story its trying to tell.
Lighting: Creates a certain mood and atmosphere of the scene.
Camera Techniques: For example Pans, Close ups, Racking Focus, Long Shots, Medium Shots, Extreme Close up, Tilt, Extreme Long shot. These are used to make the documentary look better and more interesting. It will also help keep the attention of the audience.
Without these codes and conventions, documentaries could be very dull and boring.
In our documentary we will be using the following codes and conventions.
Interviews: We have many interviews in our film. They show the emotional side of collisions and what it does to the families involved, the technical side of collisions. we have interviews will firemen and policemen who are there at the scene of the incident and they talk about what they have to do. Everyone with have interviewed, including a driving instructor and vox pops, has talked about road safety and what can be done to prevent crashes. these interviews will provide the audience with information and an insight into what happens to the families of these victims. Hopefully they will get emotionally invested in the real life stories.
Narration: We have a narrator who will speak directly to the audience and give all of the information needed so they know whats happening and for the film to flow.
Music: We have music from friends of a member of the group. The music is in the tone of the film. Emotional and serious.
Archive materials: We have been given by the police, from the people of Head On and the county press, certain pieces of archive material. For example photographs, news articles, and a 999 call. This will provide more information into what happened.
Camera Shots: We have used many different types of camera shots and movements. For example pans, long shots, medium shots, close ups, racking focus, tilts, time lapse. This keeps the film looking interesting and makes sure the audience are not bored, keeps them interested in whats happening.
Our documentary, Island Collision, is an example of an expository documentary. As it is an objective and unbiased view on the collision on the island and what can be done to prevent them. We also have an objective and unbiased narrator who speaks directly to the audience. We will present the audience with all the facts, opinions and stories that we have collected, and they will decide on their own opinion at the end of it. We also have a message that we hope to get across to the audience.
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